Definition of Current

i=dqdt, (1.2)
where
i=the current in amperes, q=the charge in coulombs, t=the time in seconds.

Equations 1.1 and 1.2 define the magnitude of voltage and current,
respectively. The bipolar nature of electric charge requires that we assign
polarity references to these variables.
current is made up of discrete moving electrons, we do not need to
consider them individually because of the enormous number of them. Rather,
we can think of electrons and their corresponding charge as one smoothly
flowing entity. Thus, i is treated as a continuous variable.
One advantage of using circuit models is that we can model a component
strictly in terms of the voltage and current at its terminals. Thus, two
physically different components could have the same relationship between
the terminal voltage and terminal current. If they do, for purposes of circuit
analysis, they are identical. Once we know how a component behaves at its
terminals, we can analyze its behavior in a circuit. However, when
developing component models, we are interested in a component’s internal
behavior. We might want to know, for example, whether charge conduction
is taking place because of free electrons moving through the crystal lattice
structure of a metal or whether it is because of electrons moving within the
covalent bonds of a semiconductor material. These concerns are beyond the
realm of circuit theory, so in this book we use component models that have
already been developed.

Comments

Heating with Electric Radiators

You want to heat your small garage using a couple of electric radiators. The power and voltage requirements for each radiator are 1200 W, 240 V. But you are not sure how to wire the radiators to the power supplied to the garage. Should you use the wiring diagram on the left or the one on the right? Does it make any difference?

Industrial Internet Use-Cases

The potential for the Industrial Internet is vast with opportunities spread over wide areas of productivity, such as logistics, aviation, transportation, healthcare, energy production, oil and gas production, and manufacturing. As a result, many use-cases will make industry executives wake up and consider the possibilities of the IIoT. After all, industry only requires a minimal shift in productivity to deliver huge revenue, an example is that even an increase of 1% of productivity can produce huge revenue benefits such as aviation fuel savings. In order to realize these potential profits, industry has to adopt and adjust to the Industrial Internet of Things. However, spotting, identifying, and then strategically targeting the opportunities of the IIoT is not quite as easy as it might seem. It is important, therefore, to create use-cases that are appropriate to vertical businesses. For instance, the requirements of manufacturing differ from logistics, which also differs to healthcare....

How to Play a Sound After a Terminal Command Completes

Sometimes, while working on the terminal, especially during long-running processes, it’s useful to have an audible notification when the task is finished. In this guide, we’ll show you how to make your terminal play a sound after any command completes, ensuring you're alerted without constantly checking the terminal. Why Do This? This trick can save time and improve workflow, especially when: You’re running lengthy build processes or installations. You’re waiting for large file transfers. You're programming embedded systems and need confirmation when flashing is done. Let’s dive into how to do this on a Linux system. Step-by-Step Guide to Playing a Sound After a Command 1. Using paplay or aplay to Play Sounds On most Linux distributions, you can use paplay or aplay to play sound files directly from the terminal. Here's how you can append a sound notification after a command. Basic Command Structure : PC:~$ your_command && paplay /path/to/soundfile.oga Or, if...

Lets learn something new

Search This Blog