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 This post is about a simple circuit to test  crystal oscillators . They are found in most of the RF and processing circuitry as an external component to provide clocking, time reference for synchronization of internal system operations. testing them isn't that straight forward by connecting its terminals to a multimeter or an oscilloscope. This is an interesting test circuit for crystals in 1MHz - 30MHz range with 2 NPN transistors, Zeners, some passives, and thought of testing a few crystals. When the DUT crystal oscillates, the signal passes through the 1nF loading capacitor to the two Zeners, thereby charging the 4.7nF capacitor and turns on the second transistor which in turn illuminates the LED, indicating that it's all good!

 The ESP32 integrates four SPI peripherals. SPI0 and SPI1 are used to access the ESP32’s attached flash memory and thus are currently not open to users to be used . They share one signal bus via an arbiter. SPI2 and SPI3 are general purpose SPI controllers, sometimes referred to as HSPI and VSPI, respectively. They are open for use. SPI2 and SPI3 have independent signal buses with the same respective names. Each bus has three CS lines to drive up to three SPI slaves.  

The post explains 2 simple universal current controller circuits which can be used for safely operating any desired high watt LED. The universal high watt LED current limiter circuit explained here can be integrated with any crude DC supply source for getting an outstanding over current protection for the connected high watt LEDs.  Why Current Limiting is Crucial for LEDs We know that LEDs are highly efficient devices which are able to produce dazzling illuminations at relatively lower consumption, however these devices are highly vulnerable especially to heat and current which are complementary parameters and affect an LED performance. Especially with high watt LEds which tend to generate considerable heat, the above parameters become crucial issues. If an LED is driven with higher current it will tend to get hot beyond tolerance and get destroyed, while conversely if the heat dissipation is not controlled the LED will start drawing more current until it gets destroyed. In ...

 This tutorial is about properly setting up WSL2 X11 forwarding on Windows and Linux distro Add the following to your ~/.bashrc :  export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 Enable Public Access on your X11 server for Windows.* Add a separate inbound rule for TCP port 6000 to the windows firewall in order to allow WSL access to the X server, as described by the wsl-windows-toolbar-launcher people. On the Ubuntu Wiki page about WSL you can already find a configuration adapted for WSL2 under Running Graphical Applications . A similar configuration is also suggested by the above mentioned Reddit User, who also contributes another part of the solution: Enable Public Access on the X11 server under Windows.

On Windows 10, it is possible to upgrade the Windows Subsystem for Linux platform to version 2, this included the already installed Distributions, and in this article are the steps required to convert to WSL2. The Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2) is an updated version of the implementation that uses a very light virtual machine instead of a direct translation between both operating systems, allowing for noticeable improvements in performance and complete call compatibility support. In this article are the steps to upgrade WSL to WSL2 and convert Linux distros to version 2 on Windows 10.   Download this WSL2 kernel update (required  Install the downloaded file   Open Start. Run PowerShell in Administrative Option  Type the following command to set Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 your default architecture for new distros you’ll install and press Enter : wsl --set-default-version 2    Type the following command to get a list of all the distros ins...

 This tutorial is dedicated to use a 8051 based Microcontroller core and program it using keil's C51 tools on the Proteus Source code editor.  1- Brief History of 8051 one of the first microprocessors 4004 was invented by Intel Corporation as well as  8085 and 8086 microprocessors back in 1981,shortly after Intel introduced an 8-bit microcontroller called the 8051 . It was referred to as system on a chip because it had 128 bytes of RAM, 4K byte of on-chip ROM, two timers, one serial port, and 4 ports (8-bit wide), all on a single chip. When it became so widespread, Intel allowed other manufacturers to make and market different flavors of 8051 with its code compatible with 8051. It means that if you write your program for one flavor of 8051, it will run on other flavors too, regardless of the manufacturer. This has led to several versions with different speeds and amounts of on-chip RAM. 2- Features of AT892051 Microcontroller Compatible with MCS®-51Products 2K ...

  Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a feature of computer systems that allows hardware subsystems to access main system memory (RAM) with minimal intervention from the Central Processing Unit (CPU). The Direct Memory Access (DMA) hardware peripheral on PIC ® microcontrollers (MCUs) allows for direct memory-to-memory and peripheral-to-memory transfers and concurrent operation of the DMA and the CPU (while sharing system bus resources). This enables more flexible usage of eXtreme Low Power (XLP) technologies through core-independent movement of data in low-power modes and improvements in data throughput and latency.     Why Is DMA Used? Most CPU operations in MCU-based systems involve the movement of data. In many cases, this can significantly limit the throughput and responsiveness of a system. For example, an interrupt can cause the CPU to stop what it is currently doing to service the interrupt. In low-power applications, this can significant...