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  The following table shows the most used baud rates. The left side part of the table shows speed and bit duration. The right part shows real transmission speed assuming there is no parity, 8 data bits and one stop bit.   Bauds Bits/s Bit duration Speed Actual speed Actual byte duration 50 bauds 50 bits/s 20.000 ms 6.25 bytes/s 5 bytes/s 200.000 ms 75 bauds 75 bits/s 13.333 ms 9.375 bytes/s 7.5 bytes/s 133.333 ms 110 bauds 110 bits/s 9.091 ms 13.75 bytes/s 11 bytes/s 90.909 ms 134 bauds 134 bits/s 7.463 ms 16.75 bytes/s 13.4 bytes/s 74.627 ms 150 bauds 150 bits/s 6.667 ms 18.75 bytes/s 15 bytes/s 66.667 ms 200 bauds 200 bits/s 5.000 ms 25 bytes/s 20 bytes/s 50.000 ms 300 bauds 300 bits/s 3.333 ms 37.5 bytes/s 30 bytes/s 33.333 ms 600 bauds 600 bits/s 1.667 ms 75 bytes/s 60 bytes/s 16.667 ms 1200 bauds 1200 bits/s 833.333 µs 150 bytes/s 120 bytes/s 8.333 ms 1800 bauds 1800 bits/s 555.556 µs 225...

The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) is basically the combination of Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies with the Internet of things (IoT) infrastructure where the goal is to obtain more efficient IoT operations, enhance human-machine interactions and ameliorate data management and analytics. AIoT: When AI Meets the Internet of Things The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology is helping us to reimagine our daily lives, however artificial intelligence (AI) is the real driving force behind the IoT’s full potential. Its most basic form comes in applications of tracking our fitness levels, to its wide-reaching potential across industries and urban planning, the  combination between AI and the IoT leads to a smarter future that could happen very soon.  Every day, Iot Devices used the internet to communicate, collect and send insights about our online activities and its estimated to generate an increasing 1 billion GB of data every day. By 2025, there’s proje...

 This post is about a simple circuit to test  crystal oscillators . They are found in most of the RF and processing circuitry as an external component to provide clocking, time reference for synchronization of internal system operations. testing them isn't that straight forward by connecting its terminals to a multimeter or an oscilloscope. This is an interesting test circuit for crystals in 1MHz - 30MHz range with 2 NPN transistors, Zeners, some passives, and thought of testing a few crystals. When the DUT crystal oscillates, the signal passes through the 1nF loading capacitor to the two Zeners, thereby charging the 4.7nF capacitor and turns on the second transistor which in turn illuminates the LED, indicating that it's all good!

 The ESP32 integrates four SPI peripherals. SPI0 and SPI1 are used to access the ESP32’s attached flash memory and thus are currently not open to users to be used . They share one signal bus via an arbiter. SPI2 and SPI3 are general purpose SPI controllers, sometimes referred to as HSPI and VSPI, respectively. They are open for use. SPI2 and SPI3 have independent signal buses with the same respective names. Each bus has three CS lines to drive up to three SPI slaves.  

The post explains 2 simple universal current controller circuits which can be used for safely operating any desired high watt LED. The universal high watt LED current limiter circuit explained here can be integrated with any crude DC supply source for getting an outstanding over current protection for the connected high watt LEDs.  Why Current Limiting is Crucial for LEDs We know that LEDs are highly efficient devices which are able to produce dazzling illuminations at relatively lower consumption, however these devices are highly vulnerable especially to heat and current which are complementary parameters and affect an LED performance. Especially with high watt LEds which tend to generate considerable heat, the above parameters become crucial issues. If an LED is driven with higher current it will tend to get hot beyond tolerance and get destroyed, while conversely if the heat dissipation is not controlled the LED will start drawing more current until it gets destroyed. In ...

 This tutorial is about properly setting up WSL2 X11 forwarding on Windows and Linux distro Add the following to your ~/.bashrc :  export DISPLAY=$(awk '/nameserver / {print $2; exit}' /etc/resolv.conf 2>/dev/null):0 export LIBGL_ALWAYS_INDIRECT=1 Enable Public Access on your X11 server for Windows.* Add a separate inbound rule for TCP port 6000 to the windows firewall in order to allow WSL access to the X server, as described by the wsl-windows-toolbar-launcher people. On the Ubuntu Wiki page about WSL you can already find a configuration adapted for WSL2 under Running Graphical Applications . A similar configuration is also suggested by the above mentioned Reddit User, who also contributes another part of the solution: Enable Public Access on the X11 server under Windows.

On Windows 10, it is possible to upgrade the Windows Subsystem for Linux platform to version 2, this included the already installed Distributions, and in this article are the steps required to convert to WSL2. The Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 (WSL2) is an updated version of the implementation that uses a very light virtual machine instead of a direct translation between both operating systems, allowing for noticeable improvements in performance and complete call compatibility support. In this article are the steps to upgrade WSL to WSL2 and convert Linux distros to version 2 on Windows 10.   Download this WSL2 kernel update (required  Install the downloaded file   Open Start. Run PowerShell in Administrative Option  Type the following command to set Windows Subsystem for Linux 2 your default architecture for new distros you’ll install and press Enter : wsl --set-default-version 2    Type the following command to get a list of all the distros ins...